Resistance profile of bacteria isolated from the environment of high-risk departments in Ziguinchor hospitals

Abstract

Background: The environment of our hospital facilities is colonised by various microorganisms. These microorganisms in general and bacteria in particular are often responsible for nosocomial infections. The occurrence of these infections is linked firstly to the lack of asepsis, secondly to the nature of the colonising bacteria and thirdly to the immune status of the patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition of the bacterial flora and to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of these bacteria. Methods : We proceeded to swab the surface of the work areas (table, bench, trolley, hospital bed, door wrist, gurney, incubator, respirator, etc.). The swabs were then soaked in a culture broth (Thioglycolate Broth or BT) for 18 to 24 hours before being plated on selective media for identification ; Chapman agar, EMB agar (Eosin Methylen Blue), GSN agar (Blood Agar + nalidixic acid), Sabouraud agar. Results: The isolated bacteria consisted mainly of multidrugresistant bacteria (MDR). Thus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-secreting bacteria represented 5.5% (8 strains) of the isolated bacteria were distributed as follows: Enterobacter spp (25%, n=4) Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%, n=2) and Escherichia coli (12.5%, n=2). Among the other BMR, we found Acinetobacter spp (25%, n=4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.25%, n=1) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (18.75%, n=3). Conclusion: Nosocomial infections are nowadays one of the main causes of prolonged hospital stay. The isolated bacteria of medical interest were mainly multidrug resistant bacteria. It is therefore imperative to respect the rules of hygiene during care and to evaluate the composition of the bacterial flora of the services in order to set up a strategic plan to fight against these infections.