Antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated in the Laboratory

Abstract

Introduction Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus live as commensals on the human skin and mucous membranes. They can be potentially pathogenic when isolated from immunocompromised patients such as: HIV positive, cancer chemotherapy, hemodialysis, diabetics, etc. Methodology This was a prospective study aimed at collecting data on biological sample received at Fann's CHNU bacteriology laboratory in Dakar from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019. The classical bacteriology techniques were used and the antibiotic susceptibility performed according to the Recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM 2016). Results We isolated 86 strains of CoNS, distributed as follows: 45.3% (n=39) of S. epidermidis and 54.7% (n=47) of S. saprophyticus. Among the 39 strains of S. epidermidis isolated, we obtained 3 strains (3.5%) resistant to all beta-lactams (methicillin-resistant) and of the 47 strains of S. saprophyticus, 4 strains (4.7%) are methicillin-resistant. We isolated 39 strains of S. epidermidis, among which 3 strains (3.5%) are resistant to all aminoglycosides (KTG phenotype) and of the 47 strains of S. saprophyticus, 4 strains (4.7%) are KTG phenotype. All CoNSs strains were susceptibility to vancomycin. Discussion Hospitalized patients represented 65.7%, and blood cultures 51.1%, which can be explained by the state of immunosuppression from some patients and the lack of asepsis during care. Strains of CoNS resistant to oxacillin are called méti-R strain, thus resistant to all betalactamines. Aminoglycosides were inactive in the 8.2% (n=7) of CoNS. Vancomycin was active on all CoNS; confirming that diminished susceptibility to glycopeptides is exceptional. Conclusion CoNS are frequently isolated in the laboratory. The site of infection, immune status, purity of cultures and the antibiotic resistance informs about the clinical pathogenic role of CoNS